![]() In some circumstances, researchers and clinicians may wish to confirm the presence or absence of HPV. Skin biopsy is sometimes necessary to confirm the diagnosis of viral wart, particularly if there is concern of anogenital cancer. How are anogenital warts diagnosed?Īnogenital warts are usually diagnosed clinically. HPV can be transmitted to the baby resulting in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in the infant.Īnogenital warts can impact psychosexual functioning and quality of life. What are the complications of anogenital warts?Īnogenital warts are contagious and spread particularly to sexual partners.Īnogenital warts can enlarge and multiply during pregnancy which may then interfere with vaginal delivery. The same HPV types can also be found in lesions around the lips, the oral mucosa or conjunctiva. HPV infection may occur in the following anogenital sites: ![]() ![]() Symptoms associated with anogenital warts can include: A linear pattern may be seen if the virus has been inoculated along a scratch or tear in the skin. Warts may join together to form plaques up to several centimetres across. What are the clinical features of anogenital warts?Īn anogenital wart is a flesh coloured papule with a folded irregular surface a few millimetres in diameter. Auto (self) inoculation from one site to another.Vertical (mother to baby) transmission through the birth canal.HPV appears to prefer the genital area to the mouth. Transmission is more likely from visible warts than from subclinical or latent HPV infection.This is the most common way amongst adults. Visible anogenital warts and subclinical HPV infection nearly always arise from direct skin to skin contact. The virus may be acquired during birth or from the hands of carers. Patients who are immunocompromised due to drug-induced immunosuppression or HIV infection are at particular risk of acquiring HPV and developing anogenital warts.Īnogenital warts can also affect infants and young children. Anogenital warts have been reported in a number of studies to be more common in males than females. However, anogenital warts are rare in people who have been vaccinated against the benign HPV types in childhood before beginning sexual activity. These types are also contagious.Īs anogenital warts are usually sexually acquired, they are most commonly observed in young adults between the ages of 15 and 30 years. Some HPV types cause anogenital cancer.Subclinical infection may show up on a cervical smear. HPV infection can be latent, not developing into visible warts.HPV infects keratinocytes in the skin and epithelial cells in mucosa and stimulates them to proliferate, causing a visible lesion.At least 75% of sexually active adults have been infected with at least one type of anogenital HPV at some time in their life.Other types cause warts on other areas of skin. There are more than 150 different HPV types at least 40 can infect the anogenital area.Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a large family of species-specific related double-stranded DNA viruses. Anogenital warts are usually a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Warts will usually appear three to six months after infection but they may appear months or even years later. What causes anogenital warts?Īnogenital warts are an infection caused by specific human papillomavirus types, most commonly HPV types 6 and 11. Anogenital warts are also called condyloma acuminatum, genital warts, and venereal warts. An anogenital wart is a common superficial skin lesion in the anogenital area caused by specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types.
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